Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 1094 Words

The most significant finding was the amount of animals that are being tested on every year. There are thousands of animals ranging from farm animals to the most commonly used, guinea pigs that have to suffer through animal testing. Even though animal testing has decreased in some parts of the world there is still a lot to improve on to be cruelty free. The issue of animal testing has been going on for years now and through those years a lot of data has been obtained. A simple way to quantify the results is by the use of charts where it is a lot easier to get a visual of the types of animals that are being tested and the percentage for each one. Before and after comparisons are simple the product is still able to be properly tested for consumer safety with the use of animal testing or the use of an alternative. Which option to use is up to the companies and what they believe will be the safes procedure. The same amount of safety precautions are being met with the use of alternatives, like in vitro. Customers and companies will not have to worry about products being harmful because they will still tested to make sure they are safe. The only difference is that now they won’t have to harm or kill any animals at the cost of having a safe product. Once consumers know that the products are cruelty free they will be more inclined to purchase more hence increasing productivity. For example, companies that do test on animals are losing customers that are against animal cruelty asShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Essay On The Relevance Of The Us Constitution - 832 Words

1. Video: â€Å"The Relevance of the U.S. Constitution† o https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/videos/teaching-content/relevance-us-constitution/ o Former President Obama discusses the relevance of the U.S. Constitution with the Scholastic News Kids Press Corps. The students ask the President a variety of questions and he discusses the importance of the constitution and how the government has to withhold certain rules, freedoms, and rights of the people in today’s society. o I love this video because the reporters are young students and former President Obama delivers information in a professional and relatable manner. This video helps students make meaningful connections to what they learned in the text to their own lives. After students watch†¦show more content†¦He describes what is expected of society and how the newly written Constitution promote the lasting welfare of the country. o This letter provides students to analyze a piece of nonfiction as a primar y resource for someone who lived and was part of the Constitution process. Students are exposed to the written style, tone, and vocabulary from another time period. The rich vocabulary gives students an opportunity to decode and describe the letter in their own words. o Letter source: http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/constitution/pdf/washington_letter.pdf Literature Responses 1. We the People: The Story of Our Constitution Written by Lynne Cheney, Illustrated by Greg Harlin o To encourage a reading response to this text, I will implement grand discussion and debate. We will first read the text together as a whole, in pairs, and independently. We will discuss each man who was a part of writing the Constitution came up with arguments to convey their stand on the subject. We will talk about the difference between persuasive and argumentative text. We will talk about when each should be used. We will talk about our need for a â€Å"Classroom Constitution.† Students will be assigned to groups to discuss their ideas about how our classroom will run. Each group will choose a leader to represent them to the class to show their ideas to the class before we vote on a Classroom Constitution.Show MoreRelatedThe Differences Betweek the UK and US Constitutions Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesThe Differences Betweek the UK and US Constitutions The constitution of a state, at its most basic, can be described as the fundamental principles from which it is governed, usually defining how power is split up within it and thereby constructing a framework within which it operates (www.oed.com). In this essay, I will first provide a brief summary of the UK and US constitutions and then attempt to outline the key differences and similarities between the two and discussRead MoreWe are Free to Be You, Me, Stupid and Dead by Roger Rosenblatt1163 Words   |  5 Pagesopening sentence of the essay, â€Å"We are free to be you, me, stupid, and dead†, Roger Rosenblatt hones in on a very potent and controversial topic. He notes the fundamental truth that although humans will regularly shield themselves with the omnipresent first amendment, seldom do we enjoy having the privilege we so readily abuse be used against us. Freedom of speech has been a controversial issue throughout the world. Our ability to say whatever we want is very important to us as individuals and communitiesRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights By James Madison1465 Words   |  6 PagesBill of Rights. Its name comes from England and refers to the Bill of Rights that Parliament enacted in 1689. The creation of this national document had given individuals more rights while also granting the national government more power. The Constitution, being weak in the beginning, needed a stronghold, and the Bill of Rights was the document to push for national power and soothe a newborn country that feared losing the rights that they had fought so long for. A division of Federalists—who claimedRead MoreIasb Conceptual Framework And The Relevence Of Prudence1504 Words   |  7 PagesRELEVENCE OF PRUDENCE STUDENT ID: 51552932 Introduction The purpose of this essay seeks address what the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) conceptual framework is all about as well as explores the issues for and against the inclusion of the prudence into the framework. Although, the prudence concept was expunged from the IASB conceptual framework in 2010 due to agreements on accounting principles convergence with the US standards operating body, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)Read MoreAnalysis Of John Locke s The Of The Golden Era Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesto the world of science. Marco Aurelius was a man with all the traits of a phenomenal thinker and leader, and so he is regarded as the Emperor of the â€Å"Golden Era†. Leonardo da Vinci opened the door to the Renaissance and William Shakespeare treated us to the best writings and plays in the English language. Likewise, John Locke is a man who accomplished what many men could not. He single handedly developed a political system that had a focus on liberty, his work would help influence many men fromRead MoreArend Lipjhart s Majoritarian Model Of Democracy1466 Words   |  6 Pagesmajority rule. Despite the initial appearance that Westminster has deviated from the majoritarian model, upon closer inspection it is clearly shown that the Westminster system is still a strong majoritarian system. This essay attempts to analyse Lipjhart’s model and the relevance that it is to the present day coalition Government at Westminster, and the ways in which the traditional majoritarian system has been challenged in recent years. In his work, the first area of that Lijphart analyses focusesRead MoreA Brief Biography on Thomas Jefferson Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay - Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson The Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy defines a leader as â€Å"†¦someone who influences others to achieve a goal.† (CF02, FRLD, p. 9, 2012) Thomas Jefferson was a visionary and ethical leader that fought for and ensured that a group of colonies in a new land achieved the ultimate goal of creating the United States of America. While he was the third President of our nation, one could argue that his most influential work came yearsRead MoreShakespeare s Heart Of Darkness1424 Words   |  6 Pages Relevance of Heart of Darkness Alexander Spirovski LITR 211 Professor David Auchter â€Æ' Joseph Conrad s Heart of Darkness contains both relevant and irrelevant elements to today s society. Issues present in the text such as imperialism, racism, and moral ambiguity are still present today but their formats have changed enough in society that Heart of Darkness approaches obsolescence in perspective. Concurrently, the characters and theme presented in Heart of Darkness are scarce in fictionalRead MoreThe And Its Impact On Society Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity crisis within a person. It is difficult to truly know what you are––who you are––without taking your past into account. Inextricable from our identity, the past dictates how we are reared up, our place in society, society’s expectations of us, our expectation of society, and most importantly, our expectation of ourselves. Due to this inextricability, it is impossible to deny the past without simultaneously brushing off a part of ourselves. America in the 21st century can––heavy emphasisRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Discourse On Inequality1546 Words   |  7 Pagesown existence,† (Rousseau) The quote deriving from one of history’s most powerful and opinionated critique to ever be written, The Discourse on Inequality. This harsh critique is also something that many historians still look back on due to its relevance. Years after Rousseau’s death, and modern society and critiques still fall back and ask some of the same questions that he was asking upon mankind. In this analysis, we will be looking at the reasons why this powerful critique is still being used

Tesla Financial Analysis - 1867 Words

TESLA Motor Inc. Keuka Sailors Keuka College MGT-520-MI007 October 19th, 2014 Mr. Andrew A. Kubrich Table of Contents Overview 4 Regulatory Credits 5 Risk factors 6 Risks Related to Our Business and Industry 6 Interest Rate Risk 7 Tesla’s SWOT Analysis 7 Strengths 7 Weaknesses 9 Opportunities 9 Threats 10 Common Size 11 Ratio Analysis 12 Cash Flow Estimation 14 TESLA MOTORS Valuation and Recommendations 15 Overview We design, develop, manufacture and sell high-performance fully electric vehicles and advanced electric vehicle powertrain components. We have established our own network of sales and service centers and Supercharger stations globally thus creating a unique business model in the automobile industry. We†¦show more content†¦Other electric cars lack the safety features, speed and maneuverability that the Model S has. Another strong point is their management and corporate governance. On top of everything we find Elon Musk who is renewed around the world for its genius and entrepreneurship. Musk leads a team of the best minds in the field. Employees believe in the company and higher management personnel gets stocks. Tesla has become the first automaker to implement a direct sales business model, they don’t rely on middlemen to get their product to the masses, instead they go directly from the factory to the future owners via online sales. The people who are already costumers are satisfied and this makes their user base grow via word of mouth. †¨ Weaknesses Elon’s company is not yet reporting net income, this can be seen as a weakness. There are many companies that start slow and without income because they’re investing in research and haven’t lowered their production costs yet, Tesla is one of them. Some users are discouraged by the fact that it takes almost five hours to completely charge the car using a home electric plug, while putting gas on it would only need a few minutes of their time. Tesla needs to invest in research to offer a faster charge time so that the consumers will not see this as a disadvantage. Opportunities In recent news, MuskShow MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis Of Tesla Motors Inc.2040 Words   |  9 PagesFinancial Analysis of Tesla Motors Inc.- A Prediction of Future Growth Chengxing Zhao Texas AM University- Commerce Financial Analysis of Tesla Motors Inc.-A Prediction of Future Growth Abstract Tesla is one of the U.S. most notable new energy start-up companies in recent years. Its Model S is the on the U.S. best-selling luxury car list and is named America’s most secure vehicles. This paper is intent to conduct an analysis study on Tesla Motor based on available financial information and sourcesRead MoreEssay on Tesla Motors Financial Analysis2341 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Tesla Motors, Inc. Financial Analysis Project Accounting II – Dr. Frazer Themistoklis Tambassopoulos Introduction In this paper I intend to provide a sound financial analysis of Tesla Motors Incorporated. I will do so by calculating and providing liquidity, profitability, and solvency ratios and then evaluating those results. Assessment of these ratios will more or less define Tesla Motors’ abilities to meet its short-termRead MoreAnalyzing A Number Of Business Ratios From A Business Financial Terms1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this report is to analyse a number of business ratios from a business financial terms. We presented information about the ROA, current ratio, PE ratio etc. and provided how Tesla’s performance was in the share market. These data would be useful for investors when they make investment decisions, and it is also important to Tesla’s managements for corporation development in the future. It is recommended that it is difficult to evaluate precisely on the share price due to the incompletelyRead MoreCase Study of Tesla Motors Inc. Essay example s1192 Words   |  5 PagesTesla Motors Inc. is an American public company which is known worldwide because of its experience in designing, manufacturing and also the selling of electric cars and electric components for vehicles. The motor was started back in the year 2003 in San Carlos, California in the United States (Teslamotors.com, 2014). The company had its headquarters in Palo Alto and at the time of its inception, Elon Musk was its chief executive officer (CEO) (Hunger, 2010). Environmental concerns have been raisedRead MoreTesla Motors, Inc. Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesAs a young automotive company, Tesla Motors, Inc. exhibits a list of strengths that has made the company successful with manufacturing and selling of their luxury electric vehicles (Eisler, 2016, p. 35). Tesla Motors, Inc. has a technological advantage in the battery market industry with their partnership with Panasonic. Panasonic and Tesla collaborated in the development of the Gigafactory, which â€Å"is designed to churn out cells for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with a combined energy storageRead MoreCompany Profile Of Tesla Motors1364 Words   |  6 Pages History of Operation Tesla Motors was incorporated in 2003. in 2016, it began production of the Roadster in 2009, Model S unveiled. in 2010, TSLA IPO launched; Announced partnership to develop powertrain system with Toyota RAV4. in 2012, it Started building Supercharger Network across America and Unveiled designs and plans for Model X. in 2013, Tesla got Extreme Tech â€Å"Best Selling Luxury Car. IN 2014, Gigafactory announcement 200th Tesla Charging Station opened, and Musk announces anyone canRead MoreThe Financial Performance Of Tesla Motors Inc.943 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this memo is to compare the financial performance of Tesla Motors Inc. to the Bayerische Motoren Werke AG. BMW AG was selected because they are in direct competition with each other in the fully electric power motor vehicles. BMW has been chosen because they currently offer the most fully vehicles on the market compared to any other automotive manufacturer. BMW is also one of the only manufacturers that has invested r esources into developing its electronic drive system (I-Drive) insteadRead MoreTesla s Model Of A Luxury Sedan1580 Words   |  7 PagesIdentification Tesla has a few elements to their strategy, one being they keep their product line simple. Elon Musk was highly involved with the production of the Tesla Roadster and as of December 2012 the production of this model has been ended due to the introduction of the Model S, a luxury sedan. Another key element of Tesla Motor’s Strategy is the technology and product development that they put into designing their products. According to the text, since Tesla has been founded, over $900 millionRead MorePestel: Electric Vehicle and Tesla Motors Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesCase 5 Tesla Motors and U.S. Auto Industry As a pioneer of green technology car manufactory, Tesla Motors has placed himself in the U.S. automotive industry. Tesla Roadster is considered to be a cash cow in 2009, and it is the only electric cars have been mass product. However, after the competitors had entered the market, alternatives joined the battle of green technology car, such as hybrids, fuel cell ,etc. Furthermore external environment has changed. Elon Musk, the co-founder and head ofRead MoreTesla Motors Case Study. As Pressure Increases The Need1740 Words   |  7 PagesTesla Motors Case Study As pressure increases the need to develop alternative forms of powering the worlds petroleum powered vehicles a new company is attempting to disrupt to auto industry with a business model that challenges the status quo and force entrenched incumbents to alter their current vision for the future of the automobile market. Tesla was created to directly address the challenge of creating a viable alternative to the internal combustion engine. Tesla is the first company that commercially

Preferential hiring Essay Example For Students

Preferential hiring Essay In recent years preferential hiring has become an issue of great interest. Preferential hiring, which was devised to createharmony between the different races and sexes, has divided the lines even more. Supporters on both sides seem fixed in their positions and often refuse to listen to the other groups platform. In this essay, the recipients of preferential hiring will be either black or female, and the position in question will be a professorship on the university level. The hirings in question are cases that involve several candidates, all roughly equal in their qualifications (including experience, education, people skills, etc.), with the only difference being race and/or sex. What we have here is a case of predetermined preference. The two candidates in question are equal in all ways, except race. The black applicant is selected, not because of skills or qualifications (in that case the white man would have provided the same result), but for his skin color. This seems to be bla tant discrimination, but many believe it is justified. Some feel retribution for years of discrimination is reason enough, but that issue will be discussed later. First, lets focus on why this is not a solution to creating an unbiased society. Martin Luther King Jr. had a dream: I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will notbe judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. He desired a world without discrimination, withoutprejudice, and without stereotypes. The fundamental lesson years of discrimination should have taught is that to give anyone preference based on skin color, sex, or religious beliefs is, in one word, wrong. As Martin Luther King Jr. stated, judgment based on skin color must not exist. All preferential hiring does is keep judgments based on skin color alive. Race and sex should not be issues in todays society, yet preferential hiring continues to make these factors issues by treating minoritie s as a group rather than as individuals. More importantly preferential hiring may actually fuel, rather than extinguish, feelings of racial hostility. Applying the concept of preferential hiring to another situation may help elucidate its shortcomings. A party of white men and a party of black men both arrive at a restaurant at the same time and only one table is free. The headwaiter can only seat one party and must make a decision. According to preferential hiring theory it is necessary to seat the black party first, since historically blacks have been discriminated against when seated in restaurants. In another situation, a white man and a black man are both equidistant from the last seat on the bus. Both men are the same age, have no medical problems, and are equal in all ways except skin color. Should the black man get the seat since in the past black men have been discriminated against? We could continue this practice for several centuries before the debt we owe for depriving b lacks of a seat on the bus would be paid. Perhaps these examples are invalid. It could be said that jobs are a different issue. They help define social status and provide economic well-being. They might even boost self-confidence, something that discrimination has stolen. Two points must be considered before moving any further. First, blacks may learn better from a black, and women may learn better from a woman. Second, hiring women and blacks will provide role models for others. The first point Thomson quickly concedes as likely to be false. Discussion about the second point however is required, and will, in effect, serve to negate the first point as well. First, lets create a character, Bill. Bill is grossly overweight and unattractive. Studies have shown that many employersdiscriminate (whether subconsciously or not), against both overweight and unattractive individuals. Unfortunately for Bill, he fits into both categories. His inability to land a job reflective of his abilities, coupled with years of public humiliation through jokesmade at his expense, has destroyed his self-esteem. This has caused him to accept as fact the notion that he will never be able to reach his goals. Few Bill success stories exist, only further plummeting his self-confidence. This example sounds strikingly similar to a common argument for preferential hiring. I have been discriminated against, which has caused my self esteem to fall, and now I am stuck, with few role models to follow. Bills success has probably been thwarted by more sources than the todays average black or female, but there is no provision in preferential hiring for him. Just like no one can control their race or skin color, Bills obesity is caused by a medical problem beyond treatment. Selective preferential hiring wont work. Even if one doesnt accept the fact that preferential hiring discriminates against the white male, one must accept the fact that preferential hiring discriminates against Bill. .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 , .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .postImageUrl , .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 , .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:hover , .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:visited , .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:active { border:0!important; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:active , .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556 .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3779e9969c1511d204935fce4e47556:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Genocide Essay Now lets assume that this argumentation is invalid for one reason or another. Lets assume the lack of self-confidence andself-respect that todays blacks and women are suffering from may deserve some compensation. But before continuing, it seems necessary to narrow the range of who qualifies for compensation for suffering. The issue at hand concerns todays blacks and todays women. Todays society is not responsible for incidents preceding its own existence. Other opinions may not coincide with this belief, but I do not feel any responsibility for the positive or negative actions of my grandfather or my father. However, as a member of society I will take responsibility for the positive or negative actions of society today. For example, todays society is not responsible for blacks or womens lack of voting rights years ago. If for some reason we were responsible, how could this possibly be repaid? Make a black or female vote count two or three times? No, this is preposterous. We have canc eled our debts, simply by giving them a right to vote and a say in the election of their representatives. Now that is not to say that todays society is not responsible for the discrimination of blacks and women in recent years. But, even prior to the lifetime of those that would be most affected by preferential hiring: both blacks and women have had the right to vote; discrimination based on race, color, religion, or sex has been illegal; segregation has ended; and thecivil rights movement has taken place. Clearly, we live in a different United States than out predecessors. Todays blacks and women may still experience some repercussions of discrimination, but for decades laws have been enforced prohibiting discrimination. If someone discriminates against a black today, charges could be filed against that person and that person will be punished. That is the bottom line. Preferential treatment cannot be given to victims of all crimes. It would become chaotic trying pin the level of pr eference a victim should get for different crimes. For a moment lets digress to the case of Judy. Judy was raped. All society can offer her is the punishment of her rapist, if her rapist is found guilty. Sure, Judy will probably suffer for the rest of her life believing that it was her fault; she will lose self-respect and self-confidence. But is Judy going to receive preferential treatment when she walks into an office and applies for a job? There is no space on a job application for Judy to say: I should receive special consideration, because several years ago I was raped. This rape has caused me years of anguish, and now I lack the self-confidence I once had. All this has cause me to underachieve in school and in life. Please consider this when you review my application. If Judy, who lost her self-confidence and self-respect through the violation of her rights by a member of society, is given no compensation for her trauma, why should blacks or women? All society owes the victim of a crime is that the criminal be punished if in fact a law was breached. Possibly their case is more powerful. Not all women (or men) are raped each year, but most blacks and women have been discriminated against at some point in their life. Could we possibly owe the victims of discrimination something? If, as Thomson claims, all blacks and females have, as a consequence of their past lack of rights, suffered a lack ofself-confidence and self-respect, then why preferentially give them jobs? Jobs have no direct correlation to a lack of self-respect and self-confidence. Indirectly, yes, maybe many blacks and women have not been able to achieve their highest goals due to this lack of self-confidence and are therefore handicapped when they enter the job market. But it seems to me that if we were to solve the problem and provide repayment with the loosening of qualifications necessary, or even not the loosening but the offering of preferential treatment when hiring blacks and women, th is does not solve the problem. It seems to make more sense to dig deeper; to find the root of the problem and change it. Since we cant go back and change history, eliminatingthe poor treatment blacks and women of the past, then the next best thing seems to be to reverse the effects of discrimination inthe present. The lack of presence in the upper levels of the job market is not a direct effect of discrimination. It is, as Thomson states, a lack of self-confidence and self-respect that has kept toadys blacks and women down. So the logical solution would be to renew their self-respect, and to restore their self-confidence. It seems like too superficial of a solution to simply give blacks and women preference when it comes to hiring. Certainly it would not bolster my self-confidence to know that I received a job over another equally qualified individual, simply due to my skin color or sex. I would feel as if again race and sex were dominating decisions. Wasnt the original goal to elim inate the issue of skin color and sex from all decisions? Thomson, in her essay on preferential hiring, tells us that she is not happy with the solution of preferential hiring in its entirety: If there were some appropriate way in which the community could make amends to its blacks and women, some way which did not require depriving anyone of anything he has a right to, then that would be the best course to take. There must be a better way. Psychological treatment would help give the victims of poor treatment renewed self-confidence, providing them the confidence to go out and try to earn a job, rather than get handed a job. The feeling of accomplishment that results from earning a job would help improve self-confidence. But now another issue arises. We would owe all victims of crime some sort of compensation. Maybe there is another way to elevate the status of minorities without bringing the issue of race or sex into the arena. If what is desired by preferential hiring is a jump-st art to promote diversity in the workplace and in society, where race and sex are irrelevant, why not enact a plan where preferential hiring is not based on these factors? Instead, why not give preference to underrepresented towns or areas of town (possibly by zip code), to those that are financially burdened, and to those with handicaps. This would help relieve the pressure of race and sex in these issues. The underprivileged will still be given a jump-start, and diversity will still be promoted. However, this solution breaches another point that any form of categorization of people should not occur. The solutions presented are more acceptable than preferential hiring, though they still have their defects. Why not bury the issue of race? Discrimination is waning. It has become a crime to discriminate. Soon blacks and women will become full members of the job world. There are plenty of role model success stories available. There is no reason to believe that anyone, in todays society, cannot achieve whatever they wish. Hard work and diligence will pay off and eventually race and sex will no longer be issues. The goal is to make race and sex irrelevant, and preferential hiring only keeps these issues alive. Lets try to live in a societymodeled after Martin Luther King Jr.s dream, and I believe the issues of race and sex will disappear, leaving people to be judged solely on their character.